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    #8 Article: How Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionising the Circular Economy

    The circular economy has been fundamentally transformed through the inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and thus creating sustainability innovations that changed the game in different fields. Such as Agriculture, fashion, Waste management…

    The circular economy, which is a model that requires limiting waste and using resources in the most efficient way possible, massively benefits from AI’s capability to do processes and analyse huge databases including future trends prediction. The collaboration of AI and the circular economy is the main driver for new sustainable ways of doing business and the most eco-friendly solutions.

    Let’s take a look at some of the major positive effects of AI on the circular economy.

    • The sector of waste management and recycling is one area in which innovations are evident.

    Smart AI programs empower the sorting and processing of recyclable materials entirely. They make machine learning algorithms capable of pulling off more accurate data analysis than the traditional ones in the sphere of waste sorting and detection. These systems use computer vision to identify accurately and separate the plastics, metals, and other materials, which leads to the remarkable improvement in the recycled products’ quality.

     

    • AI is a key factor in the lifecycle management of the product.

    AI predictive analysis helps find possible product malfunctions and also maintenance needs of the product. Using predictive analysis, the life cycle of the product can be extended and it will not be necessary to use new resources. This Maintenance-prediction is a great tool for the manufacturing and electronic sectors in particular, where the longevity of equipment is a key element in the reduction of waste. On top of that, AI helps companies to create the product in a way that it will have a smooth transition at the end of life, hence, recycling and easy disassembly will be possible.

     

    • The fashion industry is another sector where AI is making a significant impact on the circular economy.

    AI powered systems examine consumer habits and likings which helps brands to optimise stock levels and avoid overproduction. This method not only diminishes the waste but also enhances the use of environmentally friendly materials. Moreover, AI systems are applied to develop a virtual dressing room, and so, cutting down on returns which are the frequent cause of waste disposal.  Additionally, AI enables companies to design products with end-of-life considerations in mind, facilitating easier disassembly and recycling.

     

    • In agriculture, AI’s role in the circular economy is evident through the optimization of resource use.

    AI powered precision agriculture provides automated systems that utilise minimal amounts of water, fertilisers, and pesticides. Thus, such systems help the environment and create less waste. AI instruments can likewise predict crop yields, facilitating farmers to picture and subsequently reduce food wastage.

     

    The challenges accompanying the incorporation of AI in the circular economy are numerous. Issues relating to data privacy, algorithms’ transparency, as well as AI technologies’ environmental impact, need to be addressed. Yet, the advantages that may come from this are definitely the dominant factor.

    Πώς τα έργα που χρηματοδοτούνται από την ΕΕ συμβάλλουν στην κοινωνική και επαγγελματική ένταξη των μειονοτήτων: Η περίπτωση του Include-CE

    Η μετανάστευση είναι ένα παγκόσμιο φαινόμενο που οφείλεται σε διάφορους λόγους, όπως η αναζήτηση εργασίας, η διαφυγή από συγκρούσεις, η επιδίωξη εκπαίδευσης. Ωστόσο, κατά την άφιξη σε μια νέα χώρα, μπορεί να προκύψουν πολλά εμπόδια, ιδίως όσον αφορά την κοινωνική και επαγγελματική ένταξη. Παράγοντες όπως οι διακρίσεις, ο ρατσισμός, η ξενοφοβία και οι περιοριστικές μεταναστευτικές πολιτικές κάνουν την ένταξη πιο δύσκολη με σοβαρές συνέπειες, όπως προβλήματα ψυχικής υγείας, οικονομική ανασφάλεια και περιθωριοποίηση.

    Προκειμένου να διασφαλιστεί η ευημερία και η συμβολή τους στην κοινότητα, η ένταξη των μεταναστών στη χώρα υποδοχής είναι σημαντική. Μια χώρα που καλωσορίζει όλα τα μέλη της, ανεξάρτητα από την καταγωγή, τη γλώσσα ή τη θρησκεία τους, είναι επωφελής για όλους. Οι πολιτικές και οι πρωτοβουλίες που αποσκοπούν στην προώθηση της ένταξης των μεταναστών στην αγορά εργασίας και στην κοινωνία μπορούν να βελτιώσουν τις συνθήκες διαβίωσης  τους και να ενισχύσουν την κοινωνική συνοχή.

    Γι’ αυτό, δημιουργήθηκε το έργο INCLUDE-CE (Ένταξη και ψηφιακή ενδυνάμωση μέσω της κυκλικής οικονομίας), που υλοποιείται από πέντε ευρωπαίους εταίρους: African Media Association Malta, Solidaridad Sin Fronteras, Mindshift, CARDET, Arciragazzi. Κύριος στόχος του είναι η μείωση του ψηφιακού χάσματος στις τεχνολογικές δεξιότητες. Στοχεύει στην προετοιμασία και ανθεκτικότητα των μεταναστών για την προώθηση της συνεργασίας, της κοινωνικής και επαγγελματικής ένταξής τους μέσω της φιλοσοφίας του κυκλικού οικονομικού συστήματος, της επαναχρησιμοποίησης, της επισκευής και της ανακατασκευής μεταχειρισμένων ψηφιακών συσκευών, όπως υπολογιστές, κινητά τηλέφωνα και ταμπλέτες που μετατρέπονται σε εκπαιδευτικές συσκευές.

    Για να επιτευχθεί αυτό, το έργο υλοποιεί διάφορες δραστηριότητες. Μεταξύ αυτών είναι:

    • Ένα μάθημα ψηφιακού γραμματισμού, που απευθύνεται σε υπηκόους τρίτων χωρών ή άτομα που ανήκουν σε εθνικές μειονότητες και έχουν ελάχιστες ή καθόλου γνώσεις χρήσης υπολογιστών.
    • Ένα μάθημα ενεργητικής αναζήτησης εργασίας που θα αναδείξει διαδικτυακές κενές θέσεις εργασίας και θα δώσει τη δυνατότητα στους εκπαιδευόμενους να έχουν πρόσβαση σε προσφορές εργασίας.

    Στο μάθημα του ψηφιακού γραμματισμού, οι μαθητές θα διδαχθούν πέντε ενότητες:

    1. Εισαγωγή στην κυκλική οικονομία και κατανόηση της αξίας της συσκευής
    2. Βασικά στοιχεία προσωπικού υπολογιστή
    3. Λογισμικό και περιβάλλον Windows
    4. Διαχείριση αρχείων και βασικά στοιχεία διαδικτύου
    5. Δημιουργία ηλεκτρονικού ταχυδρομείου και εγγράφων

    Στο μάθημα της ενεργητικής αναζήτησης εργασίας προτείνονται επτά ενότητες:

    1. Πώς να καθορίσετε τον επαγγελματικό σας στόχο.
    2. Πώς να δημιουργήσετε ένα βιογραφικό σημείωμα μέσω υπολογιστή.
    3. Πώς να γράψετε μια επιστολή προώθησης του εαυτού σας.
    4. Πώς να δημιουργήσετε ένα προφίλ στις κύριες διαδικτυακές πλατφόρμες αναζήτησης εργασίας.
    5. Πώς να διεξάγετε μια συνέντευξη για δουλειά μέσω τηλεφώνου.
    6. Πώς να διεξάγετε μια συνέντευξη για δουλειά μέσω τηλεδιάσκεψης.
    7. Πώς να διεξάγετε μια δια ζώσης συνέντευξη για δουλειά.

    Στο τέλος του έργου, οι δικαιούχοι θα αποκτήσουν πρόσβαση σε τεχνολογικές συσκευές, ψηφιακή κουλτούρα και πιο ανεπτυγμένες γνώσεις και δεξιότητες.

    Το INCLUDE-CE είναι μια σημαντική πρωτοβουλία για την προώθηση της ένταξης των μεταναστών στην κοινωνία και την ενίσχυση της κοινωνικής συνοχής.

    Come i progetti finanziati dall’UE promuovono l’inclusione sociale e professionale delle minoranze: Il caso di Include-CE

    La migrazione è un fenomeno globale che interessa molte persone per vari motivi, come la ricerca di un lavoro, la fuga da un conflitto, la ricerca di un’istruzione o altro.  Tuttavia, una volta arrivati in un nuovo Paese, possono sorgere molti ostacoli, soprattutto in termini di inclusione sociale e professionale. Fattori come la discriminazione, il razzismo, la xenofobia e le politiche migratorie restrittive possono contribuire a rendere più difficile questa inclusione. Le conseguenze della mancata inclusione sociale e professionale dei migranti possono essere gravi, come problemi di salute mentale, insicurezza finanziaria ed emarginazione.

    Per garantire il loro benessere e il loro contributo alla comunità, l’integrazione dei e delle migranti nel paese ospitante è importante. Un paese che accoglie tutti i suoi membri, indipendentemente dalle loro origini, lingua o religione, è vantaggioso per tutti. Le politiche e le iniziative volte a promuovere l’inclusione dei e delle migranti nel mercato del lavoro e nella società possono migliorare le loro condizioni di vita e rafforzare la coesione sociale.

    Per questa ragione è stato creato INCLUDE-CE  (Inclusion and Digital Empowerment through Circular Economy). INCLUDE-CE è un progetto creato da cinque partner europei: African Media Association Malta, Solidaridad Sin Fronteras, Mindshift, CARDET, and Arciragazzi. Il suo principale obiettivo è di ridurre il divario digitale nelle competenze tecnologiche, nella formazione e nella resilienza della popolazione migrante per promuovere la loro collaborazione, sociale e professionale, attraverso la filosofia del sistema economico circolare con il riutilizzo, la riparazione e la rigenerazione di dispositivi digitali di seconda mano come computer, cellulari e tablets trasformati in dispositivi e beni educativi.

    Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, sono state intraprese diverse attività. Tra queste ci sono:

    • Un corso di alfabetizzazione digitale, destinato a persone provenienti da paesi terzi o appartenenti a minoranze etniche, con conoscenze scarse o nulle sull’utilizzo di dispositivi informatici.
    • Un corso di ricerca attiva del lavoro che permetterà di cogliere le offerte di lavoro online e rappresenterà la possibilità per i partecipanti di accedere alle offerte di lavoro.

    Per il Corso di Alfabetizzazione Digitale, saranno insegnati cinque moduli. Essi sono:

    1. Introduzione all’economia circolare e alla comprensione del valore del dispositivo
    2. Nozioni base del computer
    3. Software e sistema Windows
    4. Gestione dei file e nozioni base di internet
    5. Creazione di e-mail e documenti

     

    Per il Corso di Ricerca Attiva del Lavoro, vengono proposti sette moduli. Essi sono:

    1. Come definire il mio obiettivo professionale.
    2. Come creare un CV attraverso il computer.
    3. Come creare una lettera motivazionale.
    4. Come creare un profilo sulle principali piattaforme di ricerca di lavoro online.
    5. Come condurre un colloquio lavorativo al telefono.
    6. Come condurre un colloquio lavorativo tramite videoconferenza.
    7. Come condurre un colloquio di lavoro individuale.

    Alla fine del progetto, i beneficiari avranno accesso ai dispositivi tecnologici, alla cultura digitale e a una maggiore conoscenza delle loro capacità e competenze. INCLUDE-CE è un’iniziativa importante per la promozione dell’inclusione dei migranti nella società e per rafforzarne la coesione sociale.

    Cómo los proyectos financiados por la UE promueven la inclusión social y profesional de las minorías: El ejemplo de Include-CE

    La migración es un fenómeno global que afecta a muchas personas por diversas razones, como la búsqueda de empleo, escapar de conflictos, seguir estudios, entre otros. Sin embargo, al llegar a un nuevo país, pueden surgir muchos obstáculos, especialmente en términos de inclusión social y profesional. Factores como la discriminación, el racismo, la xenofobia y las políticas migratorias restrictivas pueden contribuir a dificultar esta inclusión. Las consecuencias de esta no inclusión social y profesional de los migrantes pueden ser graves, como problemas de salud mental, inseguridad financiera y marginalización.

    Para garantizar su bienestar y contribución a la comunidad, es importante la integración de los migrantes en el país anfitrión. Un país que acoge a todos sus miembros, independientemente de su origen, idioma o religión, es beneficioso para todos. Las políticas e iniciativas dirigidas a promover la inclusión de los migrantes en el mercado laboral y en la sociedad pueden mejorar las condiciones de vida de los migrantes y fortalecer la cohesión social.

    Por eso se estableció INCLUDE-CE (Inclusión y Empoderamiento Digital a través de la Economía Circular). INCLUDE-CE es un proyecto creado por cinco socios europeos: la Asociación de Medios Africanos de Malta, Solidaridad Sin Fronteras, Mindshift, CARDET y Arciragazzi. Su principal objetivo es reducir la brecha digital en habilidades tecnológicas, preparación y resiliencia de los migrantes para promover su colaboración, inclusión social y profesional a través de la filosofía del sistema económico circular mediante la reutilización, reparación y renovación de dispositivos digitales de segunda mano como computadoras, teléfonos móviles y tabletas transformados en dispositivos y activos educativos.

    Para lograr esto, se llevan a cabo varias actividades. Entre ellas se encuentran:

    • Un curso de alfabetización digital, dirigido a personas de terceros países o pertenecientes a minorías étnicas, que tienen poco o ningún conocimiento en el uso de dispositivos informáticos.
    • Un curso de búsqueda activa de empleo que abrirá la oportunidad para vacantes en línea y la posibilidad para los estudiantes de acceder a ofertas de trabajo.

     

    Para el curso de alfabetización digital, se enseñarán cinco módulos a los estudiantes. Ellos son:

    1. Introducción a la economía circular y comprensión del valor del dispositivo.
    2. Conceptos básicos de la computadora personal.
    3. Software y entorno de Windows.
    4. Gestión de archivos y conceptos básicos de internet.
    5. Correo electrónico y creación de documentos.

     

    Para el Curso de Búsqueda Activa de Empleo, se proponen siete módulos. Ellos son:

    1. Cómo definir mi objetivo profesional.
    2. Cómo crear un CV a través del ordenador.
    3. Cómo redactar una carta de motivación.
    4. Cómo crear un perfil en las principales plataformas de búsqueda de empleo en línea.
    5. Cómo llevar a cabo una entrevista de trabajo por teléfono.
    6. Cómo llevar a cabo una entrevista de trabajo a través de videoconferencia.
    7. Cómo llevar a cabo una entrevista de trabajo personal.

    Al finalizar el proyecto, los beneficiarios tendrán acceso a dispositivos tecnológicos, cultura digital y un conocimiento más desarrollado de sus habilidades y competencias.

    INCLUDE-CE es una iniciativa importante para promover la inclusión de los migrantes en la sociedad y fortalecer la cohesión social.

     

    Entrepreneurship in the Circular Economy: Benefits and Opportunities

    The circular economy is an economic model that offers many interests for both entrepreneurs and consumers. These interests can be found in several areas. Indeed, these benefits can be found in profitability, ecology, or innovation. There are many reasons to get started.

    More and more entrepreneurs who want to contribute to the well-being of our blue planet and take advantage of a promising job segment are entering the circular economy sector.

    Entrepreneurship in the circular economy sectors can offer several economic, environmental and social benefits. Here are some reasons why more and more entrepreneurs are choosing to enter the circular economy:

    • Reduce environmental impact: The circular economy is a model for producing goods and services with limited environmental impact. Companies that adopt circular practices can thus help reduce their environmental impact and contribute to the fight against climate change.
    • Ability to meet the needs of environmentally conscious consumers: Many consumers today are looking to minimise their environmental impact through sustainable alternatives. Businesses that rely on the circular economy model are able to meet this growing demand by offering environmentally friendly products and services to their customers. In this way, you will benefit from consumer loyalty.
    • Contribution to job creation: The circular model can create new jobs in many sectors such as recycling, construction, reuse, logistics, transport and sustainable product design.

    The Include-Ce project, a good illustration of recycling

    The Include-CE project is a good illustration of the 3rd point bulleted above. Indeed, with the development of the two training courses targeted to migrants and ethnic minorities, one on Digital Literacy and the second on Active Online Job Search, the element of recycling is embedded in the programmes from the onset, with the second-hand laptop collection, where various stakeholders are requested to donate their unused, but still good digital devices that will be passed to the project’s target groups.

    The reader following the project should know that, during the training and after its completion, the target group will themselves be promoting the circular models and inevitably include it in their everyday life.

    No sector of activity is excluded, either small or big, as the circular economy principle offers several economic, environmental and social benefits to entrepreneurs. It contributes to  the satisfaction of environmentally conscious consumers, it gives an unparalleled sense of pride, it reduces environmental impact, and it contributes to job creation.

    From Renting Furniture to Leasing Lighting: How Companies are Embracing the Circular Economy to Reduce Environmental Impact

    The rise of the circular economy brings many benefits to our societies. In particular, it reduces climate change and provides a solution to the problems of plastic pollution, excessive waste and overconsumption.

    Today, many companies have decided to opt for product purchasing strategies that ensure they improve their environmental impact and move towards a circular economy.  Turning their backs on established business practices, these organisations are focusing on innovation and revising their production models with the aim of reducing the extraction of new resources and the generation of waste.

    Here are some examples of companies that have adopted circular practices:

    • In 2017, Ikea set up a furniture rental programme, allowing its customers to rent furniture rather than buy it. After rental, the furniture is returned to Ikea, which repairs it and puts it back into rental or recycling.
    • Renault has set up a remanufacturing programme for its car parts, which consists of recovering, cleaning and repairing used parts for reuse in the production of new parts.
    • Lancôme, a brand of the L’oréal Group, launched a facial care product in a refillable glass jar in 2017. The brand offers its customers a jar and two refills. Thanks to this new proposal, a reduction in packaging weight of 58% compared to buying three traditional products.
    • Although Elis already relies on the functionality economy. The company is committed to recovering 90% of textiles and has also reduced water consumption in its laundries by almost 30% compared to 2010.
    • Philips has launched a leasing programme for its lighting products, which allows customers to rent lighting systems rather than buy them. After leasing, the products are returned to Philips, which repairs them and either leases them back or recycles them.

    These and many other companies have adopted circular practices to reduce their environmental impact and create long-term value.

    The adoption of circular practices is a crucial solution to address our environmental and economic challenges. It is essential that consumers and businesses are made aware of the benefits of this approach.

    No organization can claim to be  small, when it comes to the inclusion of the philosophy of Circular Economy in their management. We are all concerned

    Newsletter #2

     

    The second newsletter of the INCLUDE-CE project is now available!

     

    The Pros and Cons of Embracing the Circular Economy: Balancing Long-Term Benefits and Short-Term Challenges

    Neither a waste nor a recycling economy, the circular economy is a model of economy that combines a set of practices, organised according to their impacts, with the aim of maximising energy and materials.

    The circular economy  offers many non-negotiable benefits and has a very positive impact on the planet and its people.

    • Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, thus contributing to the fight against climate change.
    • Reducing the consumption of natural resources and energy, thus preserving ecosystems and limiting the impact on the environment.
    • Creating green and local jobs, especially in the field of waste collection and treatment.
    • Stimulating innovation in the design of sustainable and reusable products.
    • Reducing production costs through the reuse of materials and products, as well as reducing waste and processing costs.

     

    However, the circular economy also has some drawbacks, such as:

    • High initial costs for companies and communities to set up waste collection, sorting and treatment systems.
    • Lack of coordination and regulation between the different actors involved in the circular economy, which can lead to difficulties in setting up supply and waste recovery chains.
    • Lack of awareness and information among the general public on the challenges of the circular economy, as well as on the actions to be implemented to contribute to it.
    • Technical challenges related to the reuse and recycling of certain materials, which may be polluting or difficult to process.

     

    Despite these major challenges, the circular economy remains an important solution to our society’s environmental and economic challenges. Long-term benefits, such as conservation of natural resources and reduced production costs, can significantly outweigh the initial costs and short-term challenges.

    Circular Economy: A Sustainable and Innovative Business Model

    Circular economy is a sustainable economic model that aims to maximise the use of natural resources through a cycle of production, use and regeneration, all through the reuse, repair, recycling and regeneration of materials and products.

    The circular economy stands out from the crowd because, unlike the traditional linear economic model of ‘extract-produce-consume-throw’, it aims to minimise waste and resource loss, while promoting sustainable economic growth and job creation.

     

    The circular economy is based on the following principles:

    • Reducing the consumption of raw materials and energy
    • Favouring the use of renewable and non-toxic material
    • Promoting the design of sustainable, reusable and easily recyclable products
    • Promote the regeneration of ecosystems and natural resources.
    • Encourage the reuse, repair and recycling of products at the end of their life

     

    The implementation of the circular economy plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, preserving natural resources, creating green jobs and achieving sustainable economic growth.

     

    Where does the circular economy come from? 

    The circular economy has its origins in a convergence of disciplines and practices, ranging from economics and ecology to design and engineering. 

    Its origins date back to the 1970s, when the Swiss architect Walter Stahel developed the concept of the functionality economy, which instead of simply selling goods, recommends the use of sustainable, repairable and adaptable products and services.

    In the 1990s, the American architect and designer William McDonough developed the concept of “cradle-to-cradle”, which advocates designing products that can be recycled or regenerated at the end of their life.

    In recent years, awareness of the environmental and social impact of traditional economic models has grown significantly. This has led to the recognition of the circular economy as a sustainable and innovative business model. Today, many companies, communities and organisations are working towards the implementation of circular economic systems, with the aim of preserving natural resources and creating long-term value.

    The circular economy is a promising model that can contribute to the reduction of waste and resource loss, while promoting sustainable economic growth and job creation. In recent years, the concept has gained significant recognition as an innovative business model. Many companies and organizations are now working towards implementing circular economic systems to create long-term value while preserving natural resources. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting the regeneration of ecosystems and natural resources, the circular economy can contribute to a more sustainable future for all.

     

    The European Commission’s support for the production of this website does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Η υποστήριξη της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής για την παραγωγή του παρόντος δικτυακού τόπου δεν συνιστά έγκριση του περιεχομένου, το οποίο αντανακλά τις απόψεις μόνο των συντακτών, και η Επιτροπή δεν μπορεί να θεωρηθεί υπεύθυνη για οποιαδήποτε χρήση των πληροφοριών που περιέχονται σε αυτόν. Подкрепата на Европейската комисия за създаването на този уебсайт не представлява потвърждение на съдържанието, което отразява вижданията само на авторите и Комисията не носи отговорност за използването на съдържащата се в сайта информация. Tento projekt byl financován s podporou Evropské komise. Tato publikace odráží pouze názory autora a Komise nenese odpovědnost za jakékoli použití informací v ní obsažených De steun van de Europese Commissie voor de productie van deze publicatie houdt geen goedkeuring van de inhoud in die alleen de mening van de auteurs weerspiegelt, en de Commissie kan niet verantwoordelijk worden gehouden voor enig gebruik dat van de informatie in deze publicatie wordt gemaakt. Podrška Europske komisije za proizvodnju ovih objava ne predstavlja I njezino odobrenje sadržaja koji odražavaju samo stavove autora i Europska Komisija se ograđuje od odgovornosti za bilo kakvu upotrebu informacija sadržanih u njima. Le soutien de la Commission européenne à la production de cette publication ne constitue pas une approbation du contenu qui reflète uniquement les opinions des auteurs, et la Commission ne peut être tenue responsable de l’usage qui pourrait être fait des informations qu’elle contient. Die Unterstützung der Europäischen Kommission für die Erstellung dieser Veröffentlichung stellt keine Billigung des Inhalts dar, der nur die Ansichten der Autoren widerspiegelt, und die Kommission kann nicht für die Verwendung der darin enthaltenen Informationen verantwortlich gemacht werden. “Financiado pela União Europeia. Os pontos de vista e as opiniões expressas são as do(s) autor(es) e não refletem necessariamente a posição da União Europeia ou da Agência de Execução Europeia da Educação e da Cultura (EACEA). Nem a União Europeia nem a EACEA podem ser tidos como responsáveis por essas opiniões. El apoyo de la Comisión Europea a la producción de esta publicación no constituye una aprobación de su contenido, que refleja únicamente las opiniones de los autores, y la Comisión no se hace responsable del uso que pueda hacerse de la información contenida en ella. Questo progetto è stato finanziato con il sostegno della Commissione Europea. L'autore è il solo responsabile di questa pubblicazione e la Commissione declina ogni responsabilità sull'uso che potrà essere fatto delle informazioni in essa contenute. Podpora Evropske komisije pri izdelavi te publikacije ne pomeni odobritve vsebine, saj odraža le stališča avtorjev in Komisija ne more biti odgovorna za kakršno koli uporabo informacij, ki jih vsebuje. لا يشكل دعم المفوضية الأوروبية لإنتاج هذا الموقع تأييدا للمحتويات التي تعكس آراء المؤلفين فقط ، ولا يمكن تحميل المفوضية المسؤولية عن أي استخدام قد يتم للمعلومات الواردة فيه.
    Project Number : 2022-2-MT01-KA220-YOU- 000097092

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